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===词源=== 苏维埃 sovet 的意思是“委员会”或者“议会”,来自古俄语 suvetu,su- 的意思是“与”“一起”,vetu 的意思是“建议”“商议”。该词的现代用法起源于1905年俄国革命中的圣彼得堡苏维埃,在之后的革命该词开始专指“遵循社会主义的工人委员会”,然后就是“无产阶级的政权组织形式”。 除俄语外的14个官方语言名称中,乌兹别克语、哈萨克语、阿塞拜疆语、摩尔多瓦语、吉尔吉斯语和土库曼语,直接使用俄语中苏维埃一词的转写(音译),其他语言则采用本地语言中意为“会议”的词作为翻译(同源词或意译)。
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